High-bouncing By |
This 2011-D Olympic Images by Mike Diamond |
In 2010, the U.S. Mint The presence of these Machine doubling In some cases, either In other cases, a die Raised and incused While the same die A commemorative Tuel first presented Early opinions I suspected machine The bottom (outer) Forming incused Remember that the A high bounce with a Coin |
http://www.coinworld.com/articles/high-bouncing-die-leaves-offset-incuse-machin/
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Outlying half-ring points to pre-plating damage to 1-cent planchet
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2012 04 30
Second cupped, two-tailed Canadian cent surfaces
By Mike Diamond-Special to Coin World | April 14, 2012 9:58 a.m.
Article first published in 2012-04-30, Expert Advice section of Coin World
This deeply cupped 1968 Canadian cent carries the reverse design on each face. It is almost certainly a double-struck pseudo-mule.
Images by Mike Diamond.
In the March 19 Collectors’ Clearinghouse column, I reported on a deeply cupped 1978 Canadian cent allegedly struck by two reverse dies. Considered unique at the time, it now has a companion.
After my column came out, I was contacted by Jeff Chapman who sent me photos of a nearly identical example that was struck in 1968. The presence of this second specimen further undermines the idea that either cent represents a two-tailed mule. Chapman’s cent is almost certainly a pseudo-mule that was produced under one of three scenarios described in my earlier column.
1. A cent is struck normally, flips over, and lands on top of another planchet, with the Maple Leaf design facing the planchet. A second strike flattens the original maple leaf design but does not erase it, while the hammer die obliterates the queen’s bust and simultaneously imparts the second Maple Leaf design.
2. Two planchets are struck together within the collar, creating two in-collar uniface strikes. The top coin flips over and comes to rest on the same blank surface or on top of a fresh planchet. The next strike flattens the original Maple Leaf design, while the original featureless surface is struck by the hammer die, which imparts the second Maple Leaf design.
3. A cent sporting an in-collar first-strike brockage of the Maple Leaf design on its bottom face flips over and comes to rest on the anvil die. Another planchet is inserted on top of the brockaged coin and is struck into it. The bottom face of that newly-struck coin carries a first-strike counterbrockage of the Maple Leaf design.
The second scenario would seem to be the most likely explanation for both the 1968 and 1978 cents.
Interestingly, when the 1968 cent was encapsulated by Professional Coin Grading Service, it was provided with a diagnosis entirely different from the 1978 cent. Instead of claiming it was a “die cap struck by two reverse dies,” PCGS described it as an “obverse die cap with reverse counterbrockage.”
It seems PCGS may have entertained a pseudo-mule hypothesis of its own, similar to the third scenario. It’s hard to say for sure, as the description is rather muddled. Chapman’s coin obviously cannot be an obverse die cap, since it is the reverse design that decorates the inside of the cup. Perhaps PCGS meant to call it a reverse die cap. Maybe the grading service was confused in thinking that the Maple Leaf design is on the obverse face. Or perhaps PCGS conflated the hammer die with the obverse die for the cent.
Identifying it as a die cap is easier to understand, but even this claim can be disputed. Effective striking pressure is greatly increased when two discs are stacked on top of each other. If both discs are struck out-of-collar, the top coin will curl up to surround the neck of the hammer die (see the Dec. 7, 2009, Collectors’ Clearinghouse). Only one strike is needed to form an impressive cup.
While the third scenario requires only one strike, scenarios 1 and 2 require two. But since the coin has to flip over between strikes, we still can’t consider the resulting coin a die cap. By definition, a die cap has to be affixed to the same die face through both strikes.
It seems unlikely that the flattened Maple Leaf design on either cent is a flipover, first-strike counterbrockage. Even under carefully managed conditions, the peripheral portions of any first-strike counterbrockage should be closer to the coin’s edge, and might even run off the edge of the coin.
While I haven’t encountered any cupped pseudo-mules among U.S. coins, I have seen coins that were almost certainly struck by them.
Shown here is a Lincoln cent with a perfectly centered, mid-stage flipover brockage of the obverse design on the obverse face. Struck in-collar, it was generated by a “two-headed” pseudo-mule most likely produced under the first scenario. In this case the pseudo-mule definitely became a die cap.
The next specimen is a massively expanded, broadstruck 5-cent coin with an almost perfectly centered flipover brockage of the obverse design on the obverse face. Although faint, the incuse design is complete, establishing it as a first-strike brockage. The strike that generated the brockage also undoubtedly converted the overlying 5-cent coin into a two-headed pseudo-mule (scenario No. 1).
Coin World’s Collectors’ Clearinghouse department does not accept coins or other items for examination without prior permission from News Editor William T. Gibbs. Materials sent to Clearinghouse without prior permission will be returned unexamined. Please address all Clearinghouse inquiries to cweditor@coinworld.com or to 800-673-8311, Ext. 172.
http://www.coinworld.com/articles/second-cupped-two-tailed-canadian-cent-surfac/
Copyright 2012 by Amos Hobby Publishing Inc. Reposted by permission from the March 22, 2012, issue of Coin World.)
2006 Chilean 10 Pesos Struck On 100 Pesos Bi-metallic planchet
Part V: Planchet Errors:
Wrong planchet and off-metal errors:
Struck on larger planchet or coin, 2006 Chilean 10
pesos struck on a 100 pesos bi-metallic planchet
A 100 pesos planchet is larger (25 mm) than a 10 pesos planchet (21 mm). This bi-metallic planchet was struck by solid denomination dies. Undoubtedly, it was intentionally made.
1883 Liberty Head Nickel With And Without The Word “cents”
PART I. Die Subtypes:
Mid-year Design Modifications:
1883 Liberty Head Nickel; with and without the word
“CENTS”
Definition: After 17 years, the Shield nickel (1866 to 1883) was changed to the Liberty Head type nickel design by Charles Barber. The design for the new nickel can be seen below in the first set of images. This new nickel was released to the public on February 1st, 1883.
Almost immediately a problem arose with the new design. The omission of the word “CENTS” on the reverse led some unscrupulous persons to add reeding to the coin and then plate the coin in gold. It was then passed off to the unwary as a $5.00 gold piece, which had a similar diameter (21.6 mm) to that of the nickel (21.2 mm).
These altered nickels became known as “Racketeer” nickels. Whether Barber intentionally omitted the word cents (following the design of the nickel three cent piece which was still in production in 1883) or simply forgot to add that word to the reverse design is unknown. However, the production of the new nickel was halted and Barber re-designed the reverse, this time including the word cents.
After a short delay in production, the Liberty Head nickel was again re-introduced to the public on June 26th, 1883. This design change caused the 1883 Liberty Head nickel without the word cents to be hoarded by the public, which thought that the government might recall that particular coin.
The change of design can be seen as an addition of the word CENTS below the bow, the Roman numeral V becoming smaller and the motto E PLURIBUS UNUM being relocated to an area above the wreath.
There seems to be little similarity between the designs of the Liberty Head nickel and the 5 dollar gold piece (the latter shown above). However, as mentioned before, the critical similarity may have been the similar diameters.
*** CAUTION ***
True “Racketeers” nickels are in high demand. These coins should be of high grade and always reeded. Beware of reproductions of the “Racketeer” nickel, which are normally found in low to very low grades and with smooth edges (not reeded).
The above image shows a “Racketeers” nickel.
Images are courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
Straight Clips
Part V. Planchet Errors:
Blanking and Cutting Errors:
Straight clips
Definition: A straight clip is thought to result when a blanking die (punch) slices through the leading or trailing end of the coin metal strip. This pre-supposes that the ends were trimmed prior to the coil being fed into the blanking press.
Another possibility is the blanking die slicing through one side of a strip that is too narrow. This situation might arise if the splitter, which divides the original wide strip into narrower slips, is not positioned right in the middle of the coil.
A small percentage of straight clips mark the termination of a planchet taper. This may be where the rollers squeezed the leading or trailing end of the strip down to an abnormally thin gauge.
The edge texture of a straight clip is highly variable. It can be smooth, rough, irregular, or serrated in some fashion. This probably reflects a variety of machines employed for the task — shears, saws, guillotines are three possibilities.
A straight clip appears on a coin as a straight edge. Not all straight edges are straight clips, however. They are sometimes confused with chain strikes, broken planchet and broken coin errors, and various forms of pre-strike damage. When a straight-clipped planchet is struck out of collar, the straight edge often bows out due to the pressure of the strike and attendant expansion of the coin. These secondarily convex straight clips have been mistaken for elliptical clips.
For expanded treatment concerning clip diagnostics click here.
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Ragged Clips
Part V. Planchet Errors:
Blanking and Cutting Errors:
Ragged clips
Definition: A coin with a ragged clip has its circular outline interrupted by a very irregular edge. Ragged clips are traditionally thought to be derived from the unfinished leading or trailing end of the coin metal strip. While these ends are supposed to be trimmed, this step can be accidentally (or intentionally) skipped.
While ragged clips are sometimes referred to as “end of sheet” or “end of strip” clips, this same area is also a likely source for straight clips (see Straight Clip). Therefore the term “ragged clip” is preferred.
Ragged clips can also be derived from the middle of the strip. As the strip is rolled out, ragged fissures sometimes develop. If a blanking die slices through such a fissure, the resulting blank will have a ragged clip indistinguishable from one derived from the ends of the strip.
The shape of a ragged clip is highly variable. Many are straight, some form “ragged notches” and some turn into “ragged fissures”.
The edge texture of a ragged clip is invariably rough and shows some graininess.
Ragged clips are sometimes confused with broken coin and broken planchet errors.
For expanded treatment concerning clip diagnostics click here.
The three images below are a 1985 Indian 25 paise struck off-center with a ragged clip planchet. The lower image is an oblique angle of the grainy edge of the ragged clip.
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